Penghu islands have the oldest volcanic geology of Taiwan as a result of the collision between the Indian plate and Eurasian continental plate, and the subduction of the Pacific plate after the late Mesozoic. The effect of the collision was sea-floor spreading and plate divergent. It was mainly due to these divergent activities that large amount of lava flow oozed out into the Penghu archipelago area. The cooling of the basaltic lava flow formed highly regular columnar joints. These now display various slopes and shapes as a result of tectonic activity. Together with weathering and erosion, these basaltic columns exhibit diversity in forms. Penghu Marine Geopark is famous for its basalt landscape and marine ecosystem. The local landscape is not only rare and special, but also more important for environmental research and scientific education. The local ecological and human resources provide the basis for understanding the local cultural ecology.