Penghu Islands have ancient volcanic geological landscapes in Taiwan. The earth expansion movement and divergent tectonic plates due to plate collision also caused regional volcanic action and a large amount of magma overflow into Penghu waters. Columnar jointing forms in basalt lava flows; curved and varied columnar jointing forms in lava flows' endogenic processes.

Therefore, Penghu Marine Geopark is famous for its basalt landscape and marine ecosystem. The local landscape is not only rare and special, but also more important for environmental research and scientific education. The local ecological and human resources provide the basis for understanding the local cultural ecology and create a geopark with human and natural environment.